Elastic-fluid turbine.



PATBNTBD PEB. 26

'J.G.GALLAN.

BLASTIG FLUID TURBINB.

' No. 345,448.l

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 15,1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Inventor, John G. Cal lar-1,

Witnesses THE Nanms PETERS co., wgsnmarcN, D. l:A

l PATBNTBD 31:13.26', 1907. g J. G. GALLAN. ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE.

`LPPLIUATION FILED BEPT.*15,1904.

6 SHEETS-SQQIEBT Q 7 ,InvenLor John G Cal lah,

:vs ca.. wAsHmaraN. D. cA

PATENTED FER-26, 1907.

J. G. GA'LLAN. ELASTIG FLUID TURNE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.15,1904.

@ibn-eases PATENTBD FEB. 26, 1907.

J. G. GALLAN.

'ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.`15,1904.

Inehtol John CCal Ian,

aqttly e SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Hummm 1H: NaRRIs Psrxru co, wAsHINaToN. n. c.

JPATEMEDI PEB. 26,1907.

J. G. GALLAN.V

' BLASTIG FLUID TURBINE.

Figli,

'38 v l Trwerwtor f John G5 Cellar PATENTED FEB. 26, 1907.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

J. G. GALLAN. ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 15,1904.

8 5 w 5 i. 6 8 ,a ...6' 5 2 5 M, 8

7H: NaRRIs PETERS co.. WASHINGTON. n. r:A

. U'Nrrnn srnrns PATENT Ormea.

JOHN G. CALLAN, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELEC- TRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW-YORK.

ELASTlC-FLUID TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 26, 1907.

Application tiled September 15, 1904. Serial No. 224,532.

To @ZZ whont it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN G. CALLAN, a citi- `zen of the United States, residing at Lynn,

county of Essex, Stateot Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Governing Mechanism' for Elastic-l* luid Turbines, ofwhich the followv proper manner is obviatedand this without undue load on the speed-responsive device. The invention can be used in connection with valves of. original admission or with valves between stages or with both. It is also capable of other t ses.

In carrying out my invention a luid under ypressure is employed as the motive agent for opening and closing the admission or regulating valves, and this Huid is preferably, b "t not necessarily, non-compressible. The fl' 2id is continually circulating thro; 0h the system, and while its pressure may momentarily vary somewhat with changes in position of the valve-operating mechanism the low for a given time interval remains constant. The iiuid which operates the 'valves is or may be employed for another purpose sich, for eX- ample, as lubricating one or more bearings. Oil, water, or other fluid may be employed for this purpose. The system may be said to be a series system wherein the fluid discharged by a pump, accumulator, or equivalent device irst passes thro' gh the valve-actuating mechanism and then thro-gh the bearings, the eXha.; st from which is or may be returned to the source of supply. /Vhile I prefer the so-called seriesl system, my invention is not to be constrpled as being limited thereto, since it is capable of broaderapplic ation. For example, the valve may be so arranged that tlzid supplied from a source under press'..re is admitted by a valve closed in its neutral position and opening, and hence using Huid only when the governor moves it romthis position and the actuatingpiston is to be moved.

The valves are operated by a fluid-actuated motor tlirough suitable means so arranged that they open and close successively or in any predetermined sequence. are arranged in groups, each group being connected directly or indirectly to an actuatinglever, and the latter is connected to an actuator or motor. Iy have shown only two groups of valves; but it is to be understood that additional groups may be employed. Only one motor is shown in the present embodiment of the invention; but it may be duplicated ad Zibitum and controlled by the speed-responsive device. Where more than a single motor is employed, one or more additional groups of valves will be provided.

Suitable means are provided to insure the successive or otherwise predetermined opening and closing of the valves. In some cases a difference in leverage may be arranged between the actuator and the members of one group of valves, so that the valve subjected to the greatest leverage will open first. In other cases the leverage between theactuator and the valves may be equal` in which case a mechanical or selective means is or may be employed to insure the proper operation of the valves. I may also rely wholly or in part upon the pressure of the motive iuid supplied to the turbine or prime mover to hold one or more valves in a given position while one or more other valves are held in a different position.

As before stated, a fluid-actuated motor performs the actual work ofmoving the valves, while the controlling-valve for the motor is moved b y a speed-responsive device, the latter being either mounted on the turbine shaft or driven thereby through a power-transmitting device. lSince the con-.

trolling valve or valves is or are the only. parts moved by the speed-responsive device, it follows that the load on the latter is very small. Hence the eciency of the governirg mechanism as awhole will be high.

When the motor-controlling valve is in its normal position, the Huid flows freely into and out of the. motor-cylinder and around the valve. Moving the valve in one direction or the other to close or otherwise modifythe passage conveying luid into the cylinder will start the motor-piston into action. i As the piston moves in one direction or the other a quantity of liquid from. the cylinder. is dis- The valves IOO charged into the pipe leading to the bearing or bearings, which quantity bears a direct relation to the movement of the piston. For a given amount discharged from the cylinder a corresponding amount is admitted and in the same interval ot time. Hence there is no fluctuation in the volume of fluid Vflowing to the bearing or bearings. rlhis is of special advantage, since it prevents iluctuations in the supply of lubricant to the bearings. l/Vhere the fluid. passing through the motor flows directly to the exhaust, this is not of such controlling importance. It is best, however, to use the saine fluid for actuating the motor and lubricating the bearing or bearings, since by so doing only a single source of relativelyT high pressure 'i'luid is necessary. It is to be understood, however, that separate sources of fluid-pressure may be used, and many of the advantages of my improved mechanism will follow. Instead of the fluid passing through the motor and bearing in series, it may under certain conditions pass through them in multiple, and lcertain of the claims are to be construed as being broad enough to include this.

ln the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of my iiiveri tioii,wliioh has been 'found to be satisfactory, Figure 1 is a view, partly in. section and partly in elevation, of an elastic-Huid turbine ot the Curtis type provided with my improved governor. Fig. 2 is a detail view, partly in section, o'll the valves employed to control a stur y of lluid turbine.

to the bucket wheel or wheels of a Fig. 3 is a partial end view of a machine, showing the valve-chest broken away to expose the position and arrangement of the valve-seats. Fig. et is an axial section ol the inotor 'for positively opening and closing the individual nozzle-valves, said section l'zeing taken on line 4 l of Fig. 6. Fig. 5 is a sin` ilar view, but taken on line 5 5 of Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is a cross-section. ot the niotor, taken on the line 6 Got Fig. l. Fig. 7 is a detail view showing the ball-and-socket joint between the motor-piston and the valve-aotuating` levers. Figs. 8 to 12, inclusive, are diagrainnatic representations of the valves as they appear in different positions of operation. Fig. 13 is a detail view, on an enlarged se ale, showing a pair oit valves and a means 'for insuring their closing in the proper nanner. Fig. 14- is a view of the same valves taken at right angles to that of the previous hgure. Fig. 15 is a det ail view, on an enlarged scale, of 'the notor and its controlling-valve. Fig. 16 is a crosssectional view through the piston-rod taken en line 1.6 16 ci Fig. 15. Figs. 17 to 21, inelusive, are detail views showing mechanical means 'for insuring the proper oneration of the valves regardless of whether or not the valve-chest is' subjected to the pressure of steam or other iiiotive fluid. Fig. 22 is a diagrammatic view showing the invention applied to a vertical turbine, wherein the sa vfluid that actuates the notor is e 'fployed vto luhricate the stag-bearing. 23 is a detail view et the noter-:intimed le ver and piston-rod. Fig. 24 is a derail` View showing valves ol' dill'erent areas, z l Fig. '25 is a view o'l part ol a gear-pump l'or suini ing liquid to the r-.otor

Referring to Fig. 1, 1 repres mts the iraiii shaft ol a turbine that is 'eounted in bearings 2, only one of which is sho'ui. Yl`he shaft extends 'through the hearirgs and on its outer end is provided with a speed-regrousive devieewsueh, lor exaiiple, as the one shown in. a wprior a}:",:l';;:1tion oi' u1u.; it and Fredcr'e R. C. Boyd, tneriai No. 197,7?" 'tiled March 1.2, 19041:. lt is to he understood that the character of the afiuatiiig devi e ter the valve iiieehanisinv can be widehv raried without departing 'from the spirit ol vei'rtion. As the seed o'l vthe sha1' i. ehtqges motion is transmitted troni the s,;:eedre snonsive device through the link AVlto the lever 5, the latter lzeing rivotally sujr,oi'ied h the hood 8 or other s'u',^ort Mounted on the niain shatt are one or niore wheeis o, y revided with buckets 7 oi' suitable tori; ation. These buckets iniay be :formed on. the periph ery or on the side face o'l the wheel or in any other suitable n' and are adapted to inmart rotary iiotioi t o the shalt. the, two. or more rows ol: wlred-buckets he Virovided. lWhere two or nore rows are frovided in one wage, interiijlediate buckets ov iii e'.

buckets should be ",ii'oviderl. The whee` or wheel-buckets are inclosed by a rating or shell 8, that is provided with ahuh-like projection t), coma-iii.'V a ,aagfking 'lor "prevesu i'rg the i'roiive tluid in the shell or easing l'ro i escaping. Mounted in the right-hand side ot the casing is a srrtioiuilized nozzle l() et in' proved construction. This izzle is irovided with a plurality ol elosel assoiiated 'passages which have the sari aigle ol' delivery and the saine degree ot expansion where expansion necessary. lf.; aj. i; ahe these passages expanding or non-ex, idiot' in character, depending upon the tondi Lions o'll service. Bolted or otherwise se;fured io the nozzle is a plate 1.1, Fig. 2, having a I* rality ot oriiices, wh's/h orifices register Ywith or supply lluid to one, two, or ire irez/.ictesections. rl`he plate is also -l'u "hed with seats 'tor the individual valves coni rol ii ug the passage ot n otive V[luid to the huel' W lOO -link 35.

less number can be employed, if desired. On the inner end of each valve-rod is provided a suitable means for actuating the valves, which will be referred to later. Bolted to the casing of the turbine and extending substantially parallel with the shaft is a frame 17, that is provided with a jaw or fork at its outer end to receive the bearing 18, the said bearing being provided with trunnions on opposite sides.v

Mounted in the trunnion-bearing is a lever V19, Fig. 1, which is attached to the tubular rod 20, that in turn is connected to the motorpiston 21, located within the cylinder 22. As the piston reciprocates the lower end of the lever 19 is moved about the axis of the bearing-trunnions as a center. Mounted on the lever 19 is a ball 23, as shown in Fig. 7. This ball is located within a yoke 24 and engages a spherical surface thereon and is retained in place by a nut 25. The yoke has a compound movement. It swings to and fro with the lever 19, and it is also given a rocking motion around the axis of said lever 19. This rocking motion is for the purpose of actuating the valve-stems successively. If it were not for an arrangement of this kind or an equivalent thereto, any movement of the motor-piston would impart corresponding movements to all of the valve-stems connected to the yoke. more fully explained hereinafter. The motor-cylinder is supported in any suitable manner at any desired point and is provided with a detachable head 26, having a central orifice to receive the piston-rod and also to receive the packing 27. The packing can be adjusted by means of a gland-nut 28. The outer end of the piston-rod is connected to the lever 19 through a suitable connection, which permits the piston-rod to reciprocate freely. Both the piston and the rod are bored centrally to receive the reciprocating relay or pilot-valve 30, which controls the motor and is connected to the lever 5 and to the speed-responsive device bythe adjustable A collar on the valve-spindle acting through lost motion on the sleeve 29 permits the valve to move the necessary amount, yet prevents it from moving too far.

Referring to Fig. 2, 8 represents the casing of the wheel, 36'the cover of the peripheral buckets, and 10 the nozzle-passages which discharge motive iiuid against the wheelbuckets. Bolted to the nozzle and to tle casing is a iiat plate 11 containing a number of openings registering with openings or bowls formed in the nozzle. Each one of these openings is provided with a valve for controlling the admission of motive iluid to the nozzle-sections. The valves are marked 37, 38, 39, and 40. Valves 37 and 38 are united by lever 41 to form a pair, and valves 39 and 40 are united by the lever 42 to form a second pair. It is to'be noted that the disv .is slotted to receive the bolt 48.

This matter will be tance between the pivot 53 and the pivotal attachment of the lever to the valve 37 is less than the distance between the pivot 53 and the point of attachment of the valve 38. The object of this unbalanced arrangement is to.insure the valve 37 opening before the valve 38. A similar arrangement is provided for the valves 39 and 40, so that the valve 39 will open before the valve 40 and close after it. rThe valve-rods 16 and 43 are each provided with a detachable head 44 on the inner end that is pivotally connected to the valve-'carrying levers. The rods pass through suitable stufling-boxes and at their outer ends pass through cylindrical guides 45. The guides are supported by a frame extension 46, that may be formed integral with the valve-chest or separable therefrom and retained in place by bolts. 19 represents the lever for actuating the valves, 24 the yoke, and 25 the nut carried by the yoke and engaging with the ball on the lever 19. On the valve-rods are collars 47, through which pass the bolts 48 and 49, the upper end of the yoke being pivotally attached to a valve-rod by the bolt 49, while the lower end This arrangement permits freedom of movement. During the time that the upper valve-rod is moving the bolt 48 acts as the pivot for the yoke, and while the upper rod is stationary and the lower one is moving the bolt 49 acts as a pivot; but said pivot instead of being located in the position shown has been moved slightly to the right because the upper valves are open, as will appear hereinafter. The distance between the point of intersection of the axes of the lever 19 and ball 23 and the pivot 48 is greater than the distance between it and the pivot 49. The object of this arrangement is to insure the opening of the valves 37 and 38 before the opening of the valves 39 and 40. In other words, unbalanced equalizing-levers are employed, and assuning the valves to be of equal area the valve or group of valves fastened to the short arm will open before the valve or `group of valves fastened to the long arm. The exact proportioning of the parts is a matter of considerable importance, and as the numb er of valves in a group increases, say, to four or eight, it becomes even more important. T lis will be seen from the fact that the question of wliich valve will open next is deternined, not by the proportions of any one lever, but by the product of the multiplication of motion derived from each lever in the group by that derived from each preceding one. tiplication is least will open first, that in which it is slightly greater will open next, and so on. Assun ing that the valves are to onen in one, two, tlree. &c., order, the desired result will be obtained by making the' degree of unbalancing in the iirst lever some- IOC IIO

The valve in wl`ich tl^is mulwhat greater than that in the two second levers, and this is in turn greater than that in the four levers of the third group, assuming that a third is used.

If the valve-stems are so disposed that the steam urges them in the same direction in which it urges the valves when closed, the arrangement just outlined serves the purpese of establishing a preference in the order of closing as well as in the order of opening, providing each valve-stem comes out through a separate packing box. If the valvestems are arranged so that the pressure on the valves when open is in a direction opposite to that when they are closed, some other means will have to be employed for establishing the order of closing. Where the equaliZmg-lever is carried entirely in the steam-space, a spring may be used to establish a preference between the two valves in ele sing.

T have stated that the valves open in one, two, three, four order and close `in the reverse. This may be modified, if desired, but the nozzle-sections in service should be adjacent to each other.

A separate selective or escapement device may be substituted for the unbalance in the equalizing-levers, or it may be supplementary to this. In its mest complete form it establishes the order both of opening and of cle sing regardless of unbalance. Instead of a complete selective or escapement device a partial one may be used, which may determine the order of opening, but not of closing, or vice versa.

lt is to be noted that the unbalanced relation of the valves and the actuating-levers of itself constitutes a selective device, and the broad claims are to be interpreted with this in view.

@ne form of a selective or escapement device comprises a hook 51, which is adapted to enter into engagement with a stop 52, located within the valve-chest. The second valve rod or stem and also any succeeding valverods will be provided with the same or equivalent means. Referring to Fig. 13, the construction and arrangement of these parts will be readily understood. 37 and 33 represent a pair of valves which are connected by a lever 41. This lever is in turn attached -to the head 44 on the end of the valve-rod 43 by means of the pivot 53. The valve 37 is secured to the lever by a pivot 54 and the valve 38 by the pivot Formed integral with the lever 41 or otherwise secured thereto is a hook 51, that is adapted to engage with and be seated on a stop 52, that is bolted to one of the inner walls of the valve-chest. Assume that the parts are in the position shown. The steam or other elastic fluid contained in the valve-chest will act with the same or substantially the same force on each of the valves. Therefore when the valverod starts to move in the direction of the arrow the valve 37 vwill open first, because the distance between the pivots 53 and 54 is less than the distance between the pivots 53 and 55. ln other words, the force exerted on the valve 37 is greater than the force exerted on the valve 38. During the interval that the valve 37 is moved from its seat the pivot 55 is acting as a fulcrum for the lever 41. After the hook 51 moves upward a certain distance its upper surface will engage a shoulder 56, formed on the stop 52. Continued motion of the valve-rod 43 in the same direction will cause the end of the hook to slip into the slot 57 and act as a stop for the lever 41. As the movement of the rod continues the valve 38 will open against the pressure of the fluid -pressure within the valve-chest. As shown, the valves in each group or pair have the same area, and reliance is placed upon the arrangement el' the parts to insure the successive opening of the valves; but I may construct the valve, as in Fig. 24, with unequal areas, so that one will open before the other. I prefer, honever, to use a mechanical arrangement on account of its greater reliability. The arrangement of the hooks, levers, or unequal areas forms what may be termed. a selective or escapement device for the valves in each group.

The arrangement thus far described is satisfactory to insure the opening` of the valves 37 to 40 in one, two, three, four order when there is pressure in the steam-chest. To insure the proper closing of the valves at all times, a second selective device is provided, which is so constructed and arranged that it always insures the closing of the valves l0 and 39 prior to the closing of the valves 33 and 37. This arrangement is desirable for several reasons, the principal being that whatever valves are open should be contiguous--that is to say, a closed nozzle-section should not intervene between two open ones. Again, the valve 40 controls more nozzle-sections than the other valves, and it should therefore be the last to open and the first to close. When the load on the turbine Vtonne a substantial part of its total capaiity, the amount of fluid admitted or cut oflI by a single valve can with advantage be made somewhat greater than under light-load conditions, since the percentage of increase or decrease with respect to the total amount of fluid being supplied is less with a heavy load condition than with a light. By increasing the total number of nozzle-sections under control of a given valve the total number of valves required to control the turbine is reduced. Hence the governing mechanism can be simplified and arranged to occupy a smaller space. A decrease in the numter of valves decreases the cost of manufacture and of maintenance.

In the drawings I have shown as an example one form of selective device for determining which group of valves shall operate first 5 but this can be modified without departing from the spirit of my invention. lt comprises a stationary piece or hook 58, which is attached to the outside of the valve-chest, and a movable hook 59, that is carried by the yoke. These vparts are so arranged that when the valves 37 and 38 open the end of the hook 59 passes from the left-hand to the right-hand side of the end of the hook 58 and remains in this position during the time that valves 39 and 40 open without in any way, however, affecting their operation. When the valves start to close, the valve 40 has to close first and then the valve 39. This is due to the upper valve-rod 43 being locked by the end of the hook 59 engaging with the fiat surface on the hook 58 and also to the relation of the leverages between the valves 3.9 and 40 and the valve-rod, as previously described. The upper valve-rod 43 being locked against movement by the selective device, initial movement of the piston under these conditions (in Fig. 2 a movement toward the left) will cause the valve-rod 16 to depress the lever 42 until the valve 4() is seated, the hook 51 in the meantime remaining in engagement with the stop 52. As soon as valve 40 is seated further movement of the rod 16 in the same direction will close or seat the valve 39. At or about the time the valve 39 closes, the hook 59 of the selective de'idce clears the end of the hook 58, and continued movement of the lever 19 in the same direction will cause valve 38 to close and then the valve 37. The operation of these valves will be more clearly understood from the diagrammatic Figs. 8 to 11.

In Fig. 8 the difference in leverage between the axis of the lever 19 and the pivots 48 and 49 is clearly shown, the line 60 being shorter than the line 61. The valves in lig. 8 are shown in a closed position. Assume now that the upper valve-rod 43 is moved in the direction of the arrow, the lower one remaining stationary, with the pivot 48 acting as a fulcrum for the cross-head 24. This results in moving the parts into the position shown in Fig. 9-'. c., the valve 37 is open and the hook 51 is acting as a stop. Continued movement of the upper valve-rod 43 in the same direction moves the parts into the position shown in Fig. 10, and the hook 59 of the selective device is now in engagement with. the right-hand end of the' hook 58, and both valves 37 and 38 are open. Continued motion of the lever 19 in the same direction causes the valve-rod 16 to start into motion,

the end of the hook 59 is resting on the righthand end of the hook 58, so that when the motion of the lever 19 is reversed the lower rod 1.6 will be first affected and then the upper rod 43.

A combination of unbalanced levers and selective or escapement devices possesses the advantage that the sequence of operation is positive and the strains and wear on the parts reduced to a minimum. Under normal conditions this sequence is established by the unbalanced levers alone, and therefore the selective devices or hooks are not subjected to any noticeable amount of wear when the valves open.

Referring now to Figs. 4 to 6, inclusive, and 15 and 16, the construction and operation of the motor for actuating the valves and the valve for controlling the motor will be described. 21 represents the motor-piston located in a cylinder 22 of suitable construction. The end of the cylinder is closed by a head 26, through which the tubular end 20 of the piston-rod extends. Fluid is at all 'times flowing through the cylinder. It enters by the conduit 62 and leaves by the conduit 63. The piston is provided with a radial passage or port- 64, which is at all times iii communication with the inlet-pipe 62, and the position of the valve 30 Wi thin the piston determines whether or not the piston will stand still or move to the right or the left.

As shown in. Fig. 4, the valve is so set that the piston is supposed to be in the art of moving to the right. Urder these conditions the passage cf fluid is as fellows: Fluid enters by the pipe. 62, flows through. the port or passage 64 into the chamber 65, surroudii the left-hand end of the valve, from which it flows through a radial passage into an axiallyextendiag passage 66, discharging into the cylinder-space at the left-hand end of the piston. This relation of parts will with fiuid under pressure entr-rileV the pipe 62 tend to start the piston and attached parts into operation but until a free passage is provided on the right-hard side of the piston this action cannot take place. ln other words, the exhaust-passage must be open.

On referring to Fig. 5 it will be seen that the valve 30, controlling the admission-port, also controls the exhaust-port, and the passage of fluid under these conditions is as follows: Assume that the piston has a tendency to move to the right, due to the position of the valve. A pressure is created in the lefthand end of the cylinder and fluid flows from the right-hand end of the cylinder-space through the axially-extending passage 67, thence through the radial passage located between the chamber 68 and the left-hand end of the valve 30. From here it passes through a central opening in the valve and is discharged into the space 69, which communicates with the axially-extending passage 70,

IOO

IIO

ifo

tiple paths.

the latter being in uninterrupted communication with the radial passage 71 and discharge-port 7 2. ln order to reduce the tendenclv to leakage hetween the piston andthe valve to the atmosphere, the groove 73 is provided, which is in constant communication with the exhaust side of the piston. From the arrangement descrieed it will he seen that it a given quantity of luid he admitted to the cylinder a corresponding amount of Vfluid is discharged. Hence the 'flew is uninterrupted.

The next point te he considered is how the 'flow of luhrieant through the cylinder is maintained when the valve 30 is in its stationary or normal position. rlhis will Ate apparent 'from Fig. 15, which is a drawing on an enlarged scale of the valve mechanism. lieferring to this ligure, 30 represents the valve in a normal or central position, so that the passage of lluid through the piston and cylinder is tree or unrestricted. h luid is admitted by the inlet-pipe 62 and radial passage G/-l (shown in dotted. lines) to the cham/er G5, which, as has 1neen helore pointed out, is always connected to the inlet side of the jfstem. The enlargement er head at the lelfthand end of the valve is situated. opposite the port or passage communicating with the chamher 68, and it is to he noted that the width of this port is greater than the width ofthe head. Hence the lluid has a relativelyT free passage from the inlet-chamher inte the chamber 68, and the latter is in tree communication with the central opening in the valve. rl`he central opening communicates arrow, into the exhaust-chamber 7 3, and

since the passage 74 is in communication with the cylinder-space at the lett-hand end of the piston, as shown in Fig. 4:, it follows that the piston is practicallyT halanced and will therefore stand still. lt will also he seen that the Afluid 'flows through parallel or mul- The area ol the piston at the left-hand end is somewhat greater than the area of the piston on the right-hand end, owing to the valve and piston-romand there lis a slight tendency 'lor the piston 'to always Lmovement to the lever 19 andthence to the valve-rods 43 and 16. When the numher of eea/ias valves open is su'ollicient to suppljv exact li' the amount oi steam or other elastic 'luixl required hy the turbine, the valve iid will of'- cupj,T its normal or intermediate pos ion aal the valve-actuating lever 19 and the pistou will remain stationary; Vhut when the lhif suDhlied hy an" given numter oi valve little greater or a little less than is reim at least one valve will lie opening an Al elem el for regulating purposes. ln ease the su pphY of fluid to the cylinder Vfails a spring may` e employed to move the piston, anii the latini' will move the valves to their closed or saints position. It at anj,T time the spl et il' turbine hecomes alnornmllv great 5, acting through the linli 35 on a will press directlyT on the piston in a tionto cause it to close the valves. due 'to the Vlaet that the lett-hand ein? m me valve is arranged to engage the head el' [te piston when the parts are movedA to the pesition shown in We' l.. rthe parts are se ardie' fl" i -g ranged that the piston Vtollons the establish a position et equilin'ium. normal conditions ol operation the valve 'vi ll not stand exactlv central, as in ,lh lv little to one side thereol.

lt is necessar)A 'in any relai provide a device lrv which wh ei detern'iining the moven'ient pa tain excursion hringingint.) artica the primalier moving seme more pendngeus mee t ism the movementthei'ehj,I determi l et 'itsellI shut oill the source el powe moving member as soon as it reaches a corresponding te the .movement et this or pilat that started it 'into mot'izm. sentiai with 'wl'iatever il'orm ol' ai used -with the valvethat the :t to shall take place. ,ln the at i lust'fated the aetigizi is aceompiishz. a vee, simpie man hf. haii, the metida of the pilot-valve the same in .ifeet'ion a iff amount as the motion et the pi :n wh ich h controls, and, 'tui-ther, h v moin: :ig the pilot-valve` in the Vinotol-pist/an a morzumwl of the pilot-valve wili Cause tl s i st lt in the same direction ai l it has exactly ove-.italien the estalfilished a relatien el equine.

.iieferriv-ig te Figs. i7 to 2l, 'iiehisiviy lector means are i order of opening whether the steam-chest is uAA not. 16 and 43 .indi-cate the valve rods, as hetero. in auditie; 'to tha` l out; t each pair of valves is provid i with a hiet'. 80, that engages with the stop 8l, loeaezl iiside of the valve-chest or is ear# l ahle 'fixed support. A hoot'. H2 is also p evided that is adapted to e hook S53, carried h v tl e yoke i. all of the valves shown iw the closed tien and the hooks 82 and S3 are in ette ment. A movement of the rod i3 te ment.

right will first open valve 37. being in engagement with the stop 81, holds the valve 38 against its seat until after the valve 37 is fully opened. Continued movement of the rod 43 to the right will then disengage the parts and 81 and open the valve 38. rIhe hooks 58 59 and 82 83 then assume the position shown in Fig. 18. As soon as the hook 59 assumes the position shown in Fig. 19 the lower end of the yoke 24 is moved to the right by the lever 19 and the hooks 82 and 83 pass out of engagement. In Figs. 2() and 21 the different positions of the hook 8O are clearly shown.

In Fig. 22 the invention is shown in connection with the step-bearing 84 of avertical-shaft turbine. 85 represents a suitable high-pressure pump that is driven by the power-shaft 86. Fluid from the pump enters the cylinder 22 of the motor, from which it flows continuously through the conduit 87 to the chamber 88 in the step-bearing. The exhaust-lubricant from the bearing flows through the conduit 89 to the tank or receptacle 90, the latter being connected to the suction side of the pump.

The practical operation of my improved governing mechanism showed that under certain conditions there was a slight tendency when the speed-responsive device was adjusted close to isochronism for the relay or pilot valve 30 to hunt. This was found to be due to the friction of repose. In other words, 'when the valve and piston were at rest a certain amount of opposition due to friction was present which opposed any tendency to move- It iirst retarded the movement of the relay-valve relative to the piston, and later it retarded the movement of the piston in overtaking the valve. To overcome this, I provided an arrangement which periodically' destroyed the friction of repose. This can be done in a number of ways, the one employed by me being very simple. A gear-pump was substituted for the plunger-pump of Fig. 22 and arranged to supply fluid under pressure to the motor or actuator, and in one of the teeth was a small hole or passage 91, as shown in Fig. 25. At every revolution of the gear there 'was a slight leak, and this in turn changed the back pressure on the end of the valve 30 and caused it to jump slightly once every revolution. This arrangement worked with entire satisfaction.

In the operation of the mechanism there is a tendency for the pressure in the cylinder to force the valve 30 outward, thus aiding the spring of the speed-responsive device and raising the speed at which the governor will act. rI`his renders it possible to adjust the speed of the machine by using on the discharge-pipe 63 of the motor a throttle or similar valve 92, Fig. 22, capable of adjusting the back pressure. This will permit of The hook 80, i

synchronizing the speeds of separate machines for parallel operation. i

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus 'which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

Vi' hat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. The combination of a prime mover, a regulating-valve, a motor comprising a piston and a cylinder for operating the valve, and a valve controlling the motor which permits uid to iiow continuously through the motor.

The combination of a prime mover with a regula ying-valve, a motor comprising a piston and cylinder for operating it, a valve controlling the motor, and ports in the motor controlled by the valve through which fluid flows continuously.

3. The combination of a prime mover with a regulating-valve, a motor comprising relatively movable elements for moving the valve, a controlling-valve carried by one of said elements for regulating the flow of liquid through the otherelement, and inlet and discharge ports formed in the said element which are controlled by the valve.

4. The combination of a prime mover with a regulating-valve, a fluid-pressure motor for moving the valve comprising a piston and cylinder, the former normally occupying an intermediate position in the latter, conduits for continuously delivering and receiving fluid from the cylinder, a passage which normally conveys iiuid around the piston, and a valve which interrupts the continuity of this passage when it is desired to impart relative movements to the piston and cylinder.

5. In combination a prime mover, a number of separately-actuated governing devices, a motor for actuating them comprising a piston and cylinder through which fluid flows continuously, and a pilot-valve for modifying the passage of Iiuid when it is desired to move the governing devices.

6. In combination a prime mover, a number of separately-actuated regulating devices for controlling the prime mover, an actuator for the devices which may move them otherwise than in a predetermined order, and a connection betweenV the motor and the regulating devices which includes a means that establishes a preference as to the order of operation of said devices.

7. In combination a prime mover, a number of separately-actuated regulating devices for controlling the prime mover, an actuator for the devices which may move them otherwise than in a predetermined order, a conlOO IIO

nection between the actuator and the devices which includes a means that establishes a preference as to the order of operation of said devices, and a device responsive to load changes on the prime mover for controlling the actuator.

8. In combination a prime mover, a number of regulating-valves therefor, an actuator for the valves which may move them otherwise than in a predetermined order, and a means intermediate the valves and actuator 'for insuring the opening of the valves in the proper-sequence.

`9. The combination of a prime mover with a governing mechanism comprising a plurality of separately-actuated valves, a motor for operating the valves which may move them otherwise than in a predetermined se-` quence, and a selective device which delinitely determines the order in which the valves will operate.

10. The combination of a prime mover with a governing mechanism comprising a` number of valves arranged in groups, a selective device which determines the order in which the valves shall operate, a source oi' motive power for actuating the valves, and a selective device which determines the order of operation ofthe different groups.

11. The combination of a prime mover with a governing mechanism comprising valves arranged in groups, an actuator common to the groups, and a selective device which determines the order of operation of the diierent groups.

12. The combination of a prime mover with a governing mechanism comprising valves, a support that is bodily movable to which the valves are attached, and a selective device Which determines the movement of said support and consequently which valve is to be operated.

13. The combination of a prime mover with a governing mechanism comprising separate valves, a lever to which the valves are connected, a power-actuated device for moving the lever, and a means which determines the order of operation of the valves.

14. In a governor, the combination of a number of separately-actuated valves, a lever connecting the valves, and an actuator or motor for moving the lever, the lever and valves being so related that the actuator or motor operates them successively.

15. In a governor, the combination of a number of separately-actuated valves, a single motor which operates them, and an unbalanced connection between the motor and the valves for making the operation successive.

16. In a governor, the combination oi a number of separately-actuated valves, a single motor which operates them, an unbalanced connection between the motor and the valves for making the opening successive,

and a selective device for insuring the closing o1c the valves in the reverse order of their opening.

17. In a governor, the combination olA groups of valves, a single motor 'for opera-ting the valves of the groups, a device for determining the order in which the groups shall operate, and a device igor determining the order in which the valves in the groups shall operate.

18. In a governor mechanism, the combination of a number of mechanically-operated regulating-valves, a single motor for opening and closing the valves which may move them otherwise than in a predetermined order, and a selective means tor insuring the opening and closing of the valves one after the other in a predetermined. sequence.

19. In a governor mechanism, tho combination of a pluralityT of valves arraiiigrd in pairs, a single motor for actua-ting all ol5 the valves, and selective means lor determining which pair of valves is to be operated to moet a-certain condition and also which valve ot the pair.

im. In a governing mechanism, the combination oi' a number of valves, a lever, a motor connected thereto, and a yoke receiving movement from the lever and imparting it to the valves.

2i, In a governing mechanism, the combination of a number of valves, a lever, a 'mctor connected thereto, a yoke pivotally supported by the lever, and connections between the yoke and the valve.

2;. In a governor mechanism, the combination of a number of nozzle-passages, a number of individual valves lior controlling the passages, which is less than the number of said passages, one of said valves controlling a greater number of passages than the others, and a motor for operating the valves in a predetermined sequence.

23. In a governor mechanism, the combination of a plurality of nozzle-passages divided into groups ol? unequal numbers, individual valves controlling the passage ot [luid to said groups, and a motor for operating more thana single valve.

24. In a governor mechanism, the combination of' a plurality of nozzle-passages divided into groups, one o'l` said groups containing more passages than another and arranged to come in service under heavy-load conditions, a valve for each group, and a motor common to the valves for actuating them one after the other.

2o. In a governor mechanism, the combination of a plurality of nozzle-passages arranged in groups, a plate located adjacent to the bowls ol' said passages and provided with valve-seats and oriiices, a valve-chest, and valves in the chest arranged to engage the seats on the plate.

2o'. In a governor mechanism, the combination of a plurality of discharge-passages, individual valves controlling the passages, a chest containing the valves, and selective devices located Within the chest for determining the order in Which the valves operate.

2f. In a governor mechanism, the ccmbination of a plurality of controlling-valves ar` ranged in groups, a chest containing the valves, a means located outside of the chest for actuating the valves, a selective device located Within the chest for determining the 'order of operation of the valves in a group,

3U. In a governor mechanism, the combination of a valve, a motor for actuating the valv e, through Which iiuid separate from tha controlled by the valve is ilowing continu ously, a valve for regulating the action of the motor, and a speed-responsive device that moves the motorregulating valve in response to speed changes.

31. In a governor mechanism, the combination of a number of regulating-valves, a motor for actuating the valves in a predetermined order, through Which iluid is continuously flowing, a valve for modifying the passage of uid through the motor so as to cause relative movementsof the motor elements, a speed-responsive device, and a connection for imparting motion from the device to the motor-controlling valve.

32. In a governor mechanism, the combination of a number of regulating-valves, a motor for actuating them comprising a holloW piston and cylinder through Which fluid under pressure flows continuously, a valve located in the movable part of the motor which modifies the path of the fluid, the said valve occupying a central position when the piston and cylinder are stationary With respect to each other anda position at one side of said central position When the piston and cylinder are moving With respect to each other, and a speed-responsive device for moving the valve.

33. In a governor mechanism, the combination of a numb er of admission-valves, a lever for operating them which has a single plane of movement, a reciprocating motor for moving the lever, and a yoke for operating the valves Which has a movement in a plane at right angles to that of the lever.

34. In a governor mechanism, the combination oi a number of admission-valves, a lever, a reciprocating motor for moving the lever, a yoke pivotally mounted on the lever, pivots for the yoke disposed on opposite sides of its axis, and rods carrying the pivots for the yoke which are connected to the valves.

35. In a governor mechanism, the combination of a numl; er of admission-valves, a lever, a motor for moving the lever, a yoke mounted on the lever, connections between the yoke and the valves, and a controlling device tor the motor.

36. In a governor' mechanism, the combination of a number of admission-valves, a lcvcr, a motor for moving the lever, a yoke mounted on the lever, connections between the yoke and the valves, and selective devices Which determine the order of operation of the valves.

87. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a pair of valves, a lever connecting the valves in a manner to exert unequal leverages thereon, and an actuator for moving the lever.

38. In a governing mechanism for a prime mover, the combination of a number of valves, a lever connected to the valves in a manner to exert unequal leverages thereon, and a motor responding to changes in speed of the prime mover.

39. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a number of regulating devices, a lever connected to each of the devices, and means for causing the lever to actuate the said devices one after the other.

40. In a governing mechanism, the combination oi valves arranged in pairs, a lever connecting each pair and exerting unequal leverages thereon, a yoke connecting the separate levers and exerting unequal leverages thereon, and a motor 'for moving the yoke.

4l. In a governing mechanism, the combination oic valves arranged in pairs, a connection between the valves of each pair, a yoke uniting said connections, a motor for operating the yoke, and a selective device which determines the order of operation oi the valves.

42. In a governing mechanism, the combination oi valves arranged in pairs, a connection between the valves of each pair, a yoke uniting said connection in a manner to exert unequal leverages thereon, a motor for moving the yoke, and a selective device Which insures the opening of the valves in a predetermined sequence and their closing in the reversed order.

43. In a governing mechanism, the combination ot a number of valves, a reciprocating motor for operating them, the piston of Which is unbalanced as to areas, a valve for modifying the continuous flow of huid through the motor, and a speed-responsive device that actuates the motor-valve.

IOO

IlO

44. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a number of valves, a motor for actuating them comprising a fixed and a moving element, a valve for controlling the action of said moving element, the moving elev ment being so arranged that it follows the valve, and a speed-responsive device for moving the valve.

45. In a governing mechanism, the combination of an admission-valve, a motor for actuating it comprising a hollow piston and a cylinder, ports or passages in the piston arranged in multiple, a valve carried by thc piston Which controls the flow of fluid through said ports, and a device for moving the motor-valve.

46. In combination, a prime mover having a bearing, a valve for controlling the passage of motive fluid through the prime mover, a motor for actuating tne valve comprising a piston and cylinder through which il iid flows continuously from a source of si ply to the bearing, and a valve for modifying the passageof fluid through tho motor to the bearing Without interrupting the continuity of its flow.

47. In combination, a prime mover having a bearing, a valve for controlling the passage of motive fluid through the prime mover, a motor for actuating the valve, comprising a piston and cylinder through which fl id floivs continuouslyT from a source of supply to the bearing, a valve for modifying the passage of fluid through the motor to the bearing v ithout interrupting the continuity of its flow, and a speed-responsive device that moves the valve in accordance with speed changes.

48. In combination, a prime-mover having a bearing, a valve for controlling the passage of motive fluid through the prime mover, a motor for actuating the valve through which lubricant flows contiiiuously to the bearing, a valve which medilies the passage of lubricant through the motor to cause the motion of the motor-piston, a means tending at all times to cause the motor to close the valve regulating the passage of motive fluid to the prime mover, and a speed-responsive device that actuates the mo tor-controlling valve.

49. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a regulating-valve, a motor for op erating it, through which fluid flows continuously, a valve controlling the passage of fluid through the motor which admits the same amount of fluid to one end of the cylinder that is discharged at the other thereby keeping the flow constant, and a speed-responsive device for actuating the motor-valve. V

50. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a plurality of individual valves regulating the passage of motive fluid into the same stage, and a motor for operating the valves in pairs.

5l. In a prime mover, the combination of relatively movable elements, a governing mechanism therefor, and a means for nullifving the effects of the friction between parts of the governor mechanism.

52. ln a prime mover, the combination ol' relatively movable elements, a governing mechanism therefor, and a means that comes into service periodically which nullifies the effects of friction betV een parts of the gevel nor.

53. relatively movable elements, a governing mechanism therefor which responds to changes in fluid-pressure, and a moans for suddenly and temporarily changing the pressure to nullify the effects of friction between the parts of governing mechanism.

54. rl`he combination of a prime mover with a hydraulic governing mechanism including a plurality of separate and successively-acting valves, and a valve for adiusii ng the governing mechanism by varying the fluid-pressure therein.

55. A prime mover and a hydraulic mechanism for governing its speed including a plurality of separate and successivelyaeting valves, in combination with a valve which varies the back pressure of the hydraulic mechanism for synchronizing purposes.

56. rl`he combination of a prime mover, a regulating-valve therefor, an abuiment for actuating the valve which is cainible of as suming intermediate positions, and a pilot valve for controlling the movements of the abutment, the said valve being located in the abutment and capable of assuming :intern'iediate positions to control it.

57. The combination of an apparatus to be controlled, with .independent regulating devices therefor, an actuator for i'i'ioving the regulating devices in response to changes in operating conditions, the relation between the regulating devices and actuator' being such that the former may operate otherwise than in a given order, and a means that cstahlishes a preference as to the order of operation of said devices.

58. In a governing mechanism, the combination of regulating devices, a lever eonnerling the devices in a manner to exert unequal leverages thereon, and a means responsive lo variations in load for moving the lever.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 12th day of September, 1904.

JOHN G. (hihihihi. `Witnessesz JOHN A. Mot/Linus, Jr., HENRY O. Wns'rnnnanr.

In a prime mover, the combination of 'f lOO 

